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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voplit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы литературы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy literatury</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8795</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Avtonomnaja nekommercheskaja organizacija Redakcija zhurnala kritiki i literaturovedenija «Voprosy literatury»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31425/0042-8795-2026-5-135-153</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voplit-944</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗДАТЕЛЬСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLISHING PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пять судеб. К истории романной дилогии И. Ильфа и Е. Петрова</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Five fates. Towards the history of I. Ilf and Y. Petrov’s novelistic diptych</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одесский</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odessky</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Павлович Одесский, доктор филологических наук</p><p>125047, г. Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail P. Odessky, Doctor of Philology</p><p>6 Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">modessky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фельдман</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Feldman</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давид Маркович Фельдман, доктор исторических наук</p><p>125047, г. Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>David M. Feldman, Doctor of History</p><p>6 Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmfeld@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Avtonomnaja nekommercheskaja organizacija Redakcija zhurnala kritiki i literaturovedenija «Voprosy literatury», 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Avtonomnaja nekommercheskaja organizacija Redakcija zhurnala kritiki i literaturovedenija «Voprosy literatury»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avtonomnaja nekommercheskaja organizacija Redakcija zhurnala kritiki i literaturovedenija «Voprosy literatury»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.voplit.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.voplit.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.voplit.com/jour/article/view/944">https://www.voplit.com/jour/article/view/944</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу эволюции авторского замысла романной дилогии «Двенадцать стульев» и «Золотой теленок» применительно к изменениям судьбы главного героя — Остапа Бендера. Особое внимание уделяется борьбе в элите коммунистической парии, а также трансформации экономической политики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the evolution of the author’s intent in the duology The Twelve Chairs [Dvenadtsat stulyev] and The Little Golden Calf [Zolotoy telyonok] in the literary and political context of the late 1920s and early 1930s. At the centre of the study is the fate of Ostap Bender and the reasons for the changed endings of the two novels. The authors consider ideological control and restrictive censorship of the day as deciding factors behind Ilf and Petrov’s artistic choices. Also examined in detail is the power struggle among the Communist party elite as well as the transformation of the state economic policy. The scholars demonstrate that Bender’s originally planned demise at the end of the first novel followed the premise that a negative hero cannot win. The study also explores the problem of the unrealized “third Bender novel,” its hypothetical interpretations in other writings by Ilf and Petrov, and the reasons why the plan was never carried out.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>И. Ильф</kwd><kwd>Е. Петров</kwd><kwd>И. Сталин</kwd><kwd>Г. Зиновьев</kwd><kwd>Л. Каменев</kwd><kwd>Н. Бухарин</kwd><kwd>Л. Троцкий</kwd><kwd>А. Луначарский</kwd><kwd>«Двенадцать стульев»</kwd><kwd>«Золотой теленок»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>I. Ilf</kwd><kwd>Y. Petrov</kwd><kwd>J. Stalin</kwd><kwd>G. Zinoviev</kwd><kwd>L. Kamenev</kwd><kwd>N. Bukharin</kwd><kwd>L. Trotsky</kwd><kwd>A. Lunacharsky</kwd><kwd>The Twelve Chairs [Dvenadtsat stulyev]</kwd><kwd>The Little Golden Calf [Zolotoy telyonok]</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А. Ц. &lt;Цейтлин А.&gt; Ильф // Литературная энциклопедия. 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