<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voplit</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы литературы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy literatury</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8795</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Avtonomnaja nekommercheskaja organizacija Redakcija zhurnala kritiki i literaturovedenija «Voprosy literatury»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31425/0042-8795-2022-3-16-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voplit-545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ РУССКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ. Поэтика жанра</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE. Poetics of the Genre</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Три Вертера над обрывом. Гетевские аллюзии в романе Гончарова</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Three Werthers over the precipice. Goethe allusions in Goncharov’s novel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Константиновна Казакова – кандидат искусствоведения, независимый исследователь</p><p>119002, г. Москва, пер. Сивцев Вражек, д. 43, пом. 417</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana K. Kazakova – Candidate of Art History, independent researcher</p><p>43 Sivtsev Vrazhek Ln., Rm. 417, Moscow, 119002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svka@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Независимый исследователь</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Independent researcher</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Avtonomnaja nekommercheskaja organizacija Redakcija zhurnala kritiki i literaturovedenija «Voprosy literatury», 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Avtonomnaja nekommercheskaja organizacija Redakcija zhurnala kritiki i literaturovedenija «Voprosy literatury»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avtonomnaja nekommercheskaja organizacija Redakcija zhurnala kritiki i literaturovedenija «Voprosy literatury»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.voplit.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.voplit.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.voplit.com/jour/article/view/545">https://www.voplit.com/jour/article/view/545</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья выявляет аллюзии Гончарова к роману Гете «Страдания юного Вертера». Черты гетевского персонажа прослеживаются в образах Райского, Волохова, Ватутина. Аллюзия используется как импульс к гипотезе о сверхзадаче романа «Обрыв»: юкстапозиции творческих принципов Райского-писателя и самого Гончарова.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discovers an allusion to Goethe’s Werther in Goncharov’s The Precipice [Obryv] and explains its role in the novel. The author notices how the book’s leading male characters — Boris Raysky, Mark Volokhov, and Tit Nikonych Vatutin — exhibit the intertextual markers. The triple allusion to Goethe’s protagonist is examined as a key to understanding the novelist’s aesthetic testimony of the diversity of the forms of life, which calls for adequate, i. e., flexible, artistic representation. The author proposes and goes on to justify a hypothesis that The Precipice should be treated as a juxtaposition of two novelistic models. The article uncovers the supposed discrepancy between Goncharov’s own artistic method and the one perceived through his character Boris Raysky’s literary experiments. While Goncharov abandons the linear and monolithic nature of artistic structures, Raysky (if only subconsciously at times) prefers his characters and plots to be well-rounded and complete. The scholar finds that, through an ingenious use of the complex structure of a novel-within-a-novel, Goncharov on behalf of his hero invokes the classical paradigm of the 1800s — 1850s novel, only to deconstruct it in his own work.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>И. Гончаров</kwd><kwd>И. В. Гете</kwd><kwd>Вертер</kwd><kwd>«Обрыв»</kwd><kwd>аллюзия</kwd><kwd>русский роман</kwd><kwd>роман о художнике</kwd><kwd>теория романа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>I. Goncharov</kwd><kwd>J. W. Goethe</kwd><kwd>Werther</kwd><kwd>The Precipice [Obryv]</kwd><kwd>an allusion</kwd><kwd>a Russian novel</kwd><kwd>Künstlerroman</kwd><kwd>theory of the novel</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анненков П. В. О мысли в произведениях изящной словесности // Русская эстетика и критика 40–50-х годов XIX века / Сост. В. К. Кантор, А. Л. Осповат. М.: Искусство, 1982. С. 319–344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Annenkov, P. (1982). On thought in belles-lettres. In: V. Kantor and A. Ospovat, eds., Russian aesthetics and criticism of the 40s — 50s of the 19th c. Moscow: Iskusstvo, pp. 319-344. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балашова Е. Литературное творчество героев И. А. Гончарова // И. А. Гончаров: Материалы Междунар. науч. конф., посвященной 190-летию со дня рождения И. А. Гончарова. Ульяновск: Корпорация технологий продвижения, 2003. С. 179–185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balashova, E. (2003). Literary works of I. A. Goncharov’s protagonists. In: I. А. Goncharov: Proceedings of the International conference marking I. A. Goncharov’s 190th birth anniversary. Ulyanovsk: Korporatsiya tekhnologiy prodvizheniya, pp. 179-185. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахтин М. Эпос и роман (О методологии исследования романа) // Вопросы литературы. 1970. № 1. С. 95–122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhtin, M. (1970). Epic and novel (Toward a methodology for the study of the novel). Voprosy Literatury, 1, pp. 95-122. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахтин М. М. Роман как литературный жанр // Бахтин М. М. Собр. соч. в 7 тт. Т. 3 / Ред. С. Г. Бочаров, В. В. Кожинов. М.: Языки славянских культур, 2012. С. 608–654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhtin, M. (2012). The novel as a literary genre. In: S. Bocharov and V. Kozhinov, eds., The collected works of M. Bakhtin (7 vols). Vol. 3. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskikh kultur, pp. 608-654. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Водовозова Е. Н. На заре жизни. В 2 тт. Т. 2. М.: Художественная литература, 1987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brochhaus, F. and Efron, I., eds. (1897). Brockhaus and Efron encyclopaedic dictionary (80 vols). Vol. 20a. St. Petersburg: Semyonovskaya tipolitografiya. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гейро Л. Примечания к роману «Обрыв» // Гончаров И. А. Обрыв. М.: Художественная литература, 1980. С. 704–717.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheryukina, G. (2008). ‘The gift of being human’: I. A. Goncharov’s novel ‘The Precipice’ [‘Obryv’] as a study in artistic anthropology. In: I. A. Goncharov: Proceedings of the International conference marking I. A. Goncharov’s 195th birth anniversary. Ulyanovsk: Korporatsiya tekhnologiy prodvizheniya, pp. 177-184. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гончаров И. А. «Мильон терзаний»: (Критический этюд) // Гончаров И. А. Собр. соч. в 8 тт. / Подгот. текста и примеч. А. П. Рыбасова. Т. 8. М.: ГИХЛ, 1955a. С. 7–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobrolyubov, N. (1958). What is Oblomovism? In: M. Polyakov and S. Trubnikov, eds., I. А. Goncharov in Russian literary criticism. Moscow: GIKhL, pp. 53-93. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гончаров И. А. Предисловие к роману «Обрыв» // Гончаров И. А. Собр. соч. в 8 тт. Т. 8. 1955b. С. 141–169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edelson, E. (1982). A few words about the current state and role of aesthetic criticism in our country. In: V. Kantor and A. Ospovat, eds., Russian aesthetics and criticism of the 40s — 50s of the 19th c. Moscow: Iskusstvo, pp. 250-283.  (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добролюбов Н. А. Что такое обломовщина? // И. А. Гончаров в русской критике / Вступ. ст. М. Я. Полякова, примеч. С. А. Трубникова. М.: ГИХЛ, 1958. С. 53–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geyro, L. (1980). Commentary to the novel ‘The Precipice’ [‘Obryv’]. In: I. Goncharov, The precipice [Obryv]. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, pp. 704-717. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казакова С. Герои «Обрыва» на фоне экономической истории России // Вопросы литературы. 2015. № 6. С. 59–76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goncharov, I. (1955a.). ‘A million torments’ (a critical essay). In: А. Rybasov, ed., The collected works of I. Goncharov (8 vols). Vol. 8. Moscow: GIKhL, pp. 7-40. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казакова С. К. Обыкновенный случай: «диалог» Гончарова со Скрибом // Вопросы литературы. 2018. № 4. С. 286–300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goncharov, I. (1955b). Preface to the novel ‘The Precipice’ [‘Obryv’]. In: А. Rybasov, ed., The collected works of I. Goncharov (8 vols). Vol. 8. Moscow: GIKhL, pp. 141-169. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казакова С. К. Таинственная Корделия: о ком грезил Обломов? // Вопросы литературы. 2019. № 3. С. 161–182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakova, S. (2015). The protagonists of Goncharov’s novel ‘The Precipice’ [‘Obryv’] in the context of Russia’s economic history. Voprosy Literatury, 6, pp. 59-76. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснощекова Е. А. И. А. Гончаров: Bildungsroman на русской почве // И. А. Гончаров: Материалы Междунар. науч. конф., посвященной 190-летию со дня рождения И. А. Гончарова. 2003. С. 7–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakova, S. (2018). A common case: A ‘dialogue’ between Goncharov and Scribe. Voprosy Literatury, 4, pp. 286-300. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснощекова Е. А. И. А. Гончаров: Мир творчества. СПб.: Изд. Пушкинского фонда, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakova, S. (2019). Mysterious Cordelia: Who was it that Ilya Oblomov saw in his dreams? Voprosy Literatury, 3, pp. 161-182. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молнар А. Поэзия прозы в творчестве Гончарова. Ульяновск: Корпорация технологий продвижения, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khaynadi, Z. (2010). Oblomov as Anti-Faust. Voprosy Literatury, 4, pp. 360-384. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Недзвецкий В. А. И. А. Гончаров ― романист и художник. М.: МГУ, 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnoshchekova, E. (2003). I. A. Goncharov: Bildungsroman on Russian soil. In: I. А. Goncharov: Proceedings of the International conference marking I. A. Goncharov’s 190th birth anniversary. Ulyanovsk: Korporatsiya tekhnologiy prodvizheniya, pp. 7-19. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Отрадин М. В. Проза И. А. Гончарова в литературном контексте. СПб.: СПбГУ, 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnoshchekova, E. (2012). I. А. Goncharov: His artistic world. St. Petersburg: Izd. Pushkinskogo fonda. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушкин А. С. Table-talk // Пушкин А. С. Собр. соч. в 10 тт. / Под общ. ред. Д. Д. Благого, С. М. Бонди, В. В. Виноградова, Ю. Г. Оксмана. Т. 7. М.: ГИХЛ, 1962. С. 206–222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Künstlerroman. (1998). Encyclopedia Britannica, [online] 20 July. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/art/Kunstlerroman [Accessed 15 Sept. 2021].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Салтыков-Щедрин М. Е. Уличная философия // И. А. Гончаров в русской критике. 1958. С. 196–234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazzoni, G. (2017). Theory of the novel. Translated by Z. Hanafi. Cambridge, MA: Harvard U. P.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скабичевский А. М. Старая правда // И. А. Гончаров в русской критике. 1958. С. 277–328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molnar, A. (2012). The poetry of prose in Goncharov’s works. Ulyanovsk: Korporatsiya tekhnologiy prodvizheniya. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хайнади З. Обломов как анти-Фауст // Вопросы литературы. 2010. № 4. С. 360–386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nedzvetsky, V. (1992). I. А. Goncharov as a novelist and artist. Moscow: MGU. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черюкина Г. «Талант быть человеком»: роман И. А. Гончарова «Обрыв» как опыт художественной антропологии // И. А. Гончаров: Материалы Междунар. науч. конф., посвященной 195-летию со дня рождения И. А. Гончарова. Ульяновск: Корпорация технологий продвижения, 2008. С. 177–184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otradin, M. (1994). I. A. Goncharov’s prose in the literary context. St. Petersburg: SPbGU. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шелгунов Н. В. Талантливая бесталанность // И. А. Гончаров в русской критике. 1958. С. 235–276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkin, A. (1962). Table-talk. In: D. Blagoy et al., eds., The collected works of A. Pushkin (10 vols). Vol. 7. Moscow: GIKhL, pp. 206-222. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шлегель Ф. Сочинения Гете // Шлегель Ф. Эстетика. Философия. Критика. В 2 тт. Т. 2 / Вступ. ст., сост., перевод с нем. Ю. Н. Попова. М.: Искусство, 1983. С. 274–288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saltykov-Shchedrin, M. (1958). Street philosophy. In: M. Polyakov and S. Trubnikov, eds., I. А. Goncharov in Russian literary criticism. Moscow: GIKhL, pp. 196-234. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эдельсон Е. Н. Несколько слов о современном состоянии и значении у нас эстетической критики // Русская эстетика и критика 40–50-х годов XIX века. 1982. С. 250–283.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlegel, F. (1983). The works of Goethe. Translated by Y. Popov. In: Y. Popov, ed., The aesthetics, philosophy, and criticism of F. Schlegel (2 vols). Vol. 2. Moscow: Iskusstvo, pp. 274-288. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Энциклопедический словарь Ф. А. Брокгауза и И. А. Ефрона. В 86 тт. Т. 20а. СПб.: Семеновская типолитография, 1897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shelgunov, N. (1958). Talented mediocrity. In: M. Polyakov and S. Trubnikov, eds., I. А. Goncharov in Russian literary criticism. Moscow: GIKhL, pp. 235-276. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Künstlerroman // Encyclopedia Britannica. 1998. 20 July. URL: https://www.britannica.com/art/Kunstlerroman (дата обращения: 15.09.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skabichevsky, A. (1958). The old truth. In: M. Polyakov and S. Trubnikov, eds., I. А. Goncharov in Russian literary criticism. Moscow: GIKhL, pp. 277-328. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazzoni Guido. Theory of the novel / Translated by Z. Hanafi. Cambridge, MA: Harvard U. P., 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vodovozova, E. (1987). At the dawn of life (2 vols). Vol. 2. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya literatura. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
